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The Gods

Mira Ramzy
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the “ Agatha demons

Beneath each shield there is a serpent placed on a shrine the 2 serpents are
the “ Agatha demons “ which means “ the good gods “ they represent either “ Hermes “ and Diaynsis “ in the Greek belief or they represent “ Serapis Agatha demon “ and “ Isis Thurmouthis “ in the Egyptian belief .

The Agatha demons in The Greek context 

The Greek Gods were also represented in human form had the same behaviours ( eat - drink ) but the difference between them and the humans is that the Gods are immortal and have superpowers .

The only gods who were represented in animal form in the Greek believe were “ the Agatha demons “ who were represented as serpents.
According to the Greek Conception, the Agatha demons represent god Hermes and god Dioynsis .

God Hermes ......> He was the messanger of the gods , he also used to lead the dead into the after life.

God Dioynsis......> He was the god of wine spring and promiscuity , he was worshiped by king Philopater who was a wine lover .

According to the Greeks a god person is a mixture of god Apollo “ God of truth “ and god Dioynsis and a bad person isn’t a mixture of both gods but only of god Dioynsis.

both of these gods ( Hermes and Dioynsis) had animal for the Greek belief . That why they identified.

The 2 serpents with these 2 animal gods ...........> The Agatha demons in the Egyptian text <.............

The Egyptian gods were represented in human and animal form so the Agatha demons represented “ god Serapis “ “ Agatha demon “ “ goddess Isis Thurmouthis “ 

God Serapis  Agatha demon <.............

He was the chief god of Alex , his Greek form was Amon in the Middle Ages with 5 cocks of hair on his forehead.

He also had a Thick curly hair and beard wearing a Greek tunic and sometimes a modus ( flower basket ) was on his head [ human form ] His animal Egyptian form was as a serpent of a serpent with a bull head .

............> goddess Isis Thurmouthis ............> 

She was the life of god Harpocrates “ Horus “ the child

She was represented as a serpent who was worshiped north east of the delta and her title was the nurse .

Goddess Isis Thurmouthis was chosen to represent the Agatha demon because she was in the form of a serpent.

The burial chamber 

Contains 3 recess, each recess contains a sarcophagus cut in the native rock , each sarcophagus is carved out of one piece of the native rock through it seems that it consists of a lid and a coffer ..

The Gods

The Mummy 

- On the side walls of the recess, one scene depicts the priest in front of the deceased and on the other side of the recess the deceased is in front of god Osiris.
- Scene C on the back wall of the recess depicts the mummy of the deceased on a lion funerary bed with an up curved tail.
God Anabis is shown attending to the mummy as if he is completing its wrapping , in his other hand , he is holding a Jar which is probably containg water .
...... > the body of the deceased becomes dry so it needs water to be able to move again after rebirth 
Till now people put water on the grave which is an ancient Egyptian Tradition.
- God Horus is depicted at the head of the bed and god Thoth at the back of the bed  , under the bed there are 3 canopic Jars not 4 because the leg of god Anobis was carved in the place of the fourth Jar.
- The scenes on the other walls of the recess show on one side the priest reciting spells in front of the deceased and on the other side wall the deceased is in front of God Osiris .
- On either sides of the enterance of the burial chamber on the side , there are 2 figures of Herm - Anobis 
- the first figure of Herm-Anobis , it depicts a Jackle headed figure wearing Greek military costume ..

the second figure

- it depicts the upper part of as a Jackle headed figure but the lower part is a tail of a dragon .
 on either sides of the vestibule there is a break in the wall which leads to 3 galleries containg 300 loculi  cut in 2 levels .
In of these loculi a mummy of the priestess of goddess “ Nemsis “ was found .
Nemsis was the goddess of sport and revenge in the Greek cult , other followers of goddess “ Nemsis “ were found in the loculi around the locales of the priestess of goddess “ Nemsis “ 
The 3 figures of Herm - Anobis show mixed iconography between the Greek god Hermus and the Egyptian god Anobis , both gods are connected with the afterlife because Hermus is the one who leads the deceased in the afterlife, also Anobis was the one responsible for the process of mummification Herm Anobis had several figures and only 2 of those figures were in the burial chamber .

The reasons for naming this tomb Catacomb 
Catacomb was the name of the galleries that were dug in Rome underground for their dead , so when people said the 3 galleries in this 
tomb , it reminded them of the many galleries in Rome ,
So they called at Catacomb
The hall of Craculla 
It’s now approached from a break in the wall of the Rotunda but it was a separate tomb .

The hall consists of 
1- The enterance: which leads to a staircase which is descending down to a court .

2- Court               : in the middle of this court there is an alter around which a large number of bones were found .

At the beginning scholars believed that those bones are the remains of the famous massacare carried out by Craculla the ruler of Alex .
But ....................
Recent studies proved that most of the bones belong to horses in the light of the discovery of the mummy of the priestess of goddess “ Nemsis “ .
1- Some of her followers, modern scholars believe that there was a temple for goddess “ Nemsis “ in the area .
2- The court was the burial ground for the horses , which were perhaps honored because ........... they might have won races . 
“ Goddess Nemsis “ was the goddess of sport.
Thus the wall of Craculla is a misname of this tomb.
The cause of the massacre of Alexandria was because when Craculla first came to Alexandria they made fun of him because his father job was selling salted fish .
So when Craculla ascended the Throne , he took revenge from the Alexandria youth and killed them . 

( The reasons for naming this tomb Cata Comb ) 

Cata Comb was the name of the galleries that were dug in Rome underground for their dead , so when people said the 3 galleries in this tomb , it reminded them of the many galleries in Rome ... so they called at catacomb . 

The Concept of Afterlife 

-They believed that the deceased crosses the sea by a ferry which had a ferryman called.. Charon...and the deceased would pay him in order to get to the other side of the sea or the after life . 






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